d’Arbeloff is the first woman to have obtained a mechanical engineering degree from Stanford University and one of the first women to earn an S.M. degree from MIT. She became a mechanical engineer in the aircraft and space industries, contributing to the design of the Redstone ballistic missile system; then became a software programmer for Digital Equipment Company and Teradyne, the company co-founded by her late husband, Alex. For decades, d’Arbeloff has supported the efforts of women to succeed in science and engineering, offering her knowledge, experience, and philanthropy. She established an MIT-based summer program to introduce female high school students to engineering careers, founded the Women in Science Committee of the Boston Museum of Science, and supported the MGH Research Scholars Program to advance the careers of emerging clinical researchers. In 2020, she underwrote establishment of the Brit Jepson d’Arbeloff Center on Women's Health at Whitehead Institute. A board member since 2009, she serves on the Development Committee and Nominating Committee.